Data on the adoption of Microsoft's newest OS shows uptake ranging from 1% to 9%. But most enterprises will likely wait until at least 2023 before broadly rolling out Windows 11.
采用微软最新操作系统的数据显示,用户增长率从1% 到9% 不等。但大多数企业可能至少要等到2023年才会全面推出 Windows 1
How fast is Windows 11 being adopted by users?
用户采用 Windows 11的速度有多快?
The answer appears to be "hardly at all" to "slowly," depending on which set of data you look at.
答案似乎是“几乎没有”或“缓慢”,这取决于您查看的是哪组数据。
New data from computer monitoring software provider AdDuplex indicates that Windows 11 uptake has reached nearly 9%; that number, however, contrasts sharply with a figure released by another vendor that showed the new platform with a less than 1% adoption rate.
It's been nearly two months since Microsoft launched Windows 11. System survey data, released by AdDuplex yesterday, showed Windows 11 adoption at 8.9% (with .03% of that figure attributed to Windows Insider program users).
微软发布 Windows 11已经将近两个月了。昨天 AdDuplex 公布的系统调查数据显示,Windows 11的使用率为8.9% (其中0.03% 来自 Windows 内部程序用户)。
Two weeks ago, IT asset management company Lansweeper pegged Windows 11 adoption at only 0.21% of PC users involved in its own software-based survey.
两周前,IT 资产管理公司兰斯维珀(Lansweeper)在自己的软件调查中指出,只有0.21% 的 PC 用户采用 Windows 11。
The primary reasons Windows 11 isn’t seeing higher adoption rates “are likely due to the harsh requirements in place to upgrade to Windows 11 and a lack of urgency since Windows 10 is still supported until 2025,” Esben Dochy, technical product evangelist for Lansweeper, wrote in an email reply to Computerworld.
Lansweeper 的技术产品推广员 Esben Dochy 在给《计算机世界》的一封电子邮件中写道,Windows 11没有获得更高的采用率的主要原因“可能是因为升级到 Windows 11的严格要求,以及 Windows 10在2025年之前仍然得到支持,所以缺乏紧迫感。”。
An upgrade to Windows 11 will require a system with 64-bit processors, 4GB of memory, 64GB of storage, UEFI secure boot and the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) v2.0.
升级到 Windows 11将需要一个64位处理器、4gb 内存、64gb 存储空间、 UEFI 安全引导和可信平台模块版本(TPM) v2.0的系统。
Lansweeper gleans its Windows adoption data from more than 10 million devices running on business and home networks. AdDuplex bases its data on about 60,000 Windows 10 or 11 PCs running its monitoring software.
Lansweeper 收集了超过1000万台运行在商业和家庭网络上的设备的 Windows 应用数据。的数据基于运行其监控软件的大约6万台 Windows 10或11台电脑。
Discrepancies among data for OS adoption is not unusual, according to Steve Kleynhans, a vice president of research at Gartner. Sample sizes are typically smaller and small percentages are sensitive to any changes. “It’s important to take all numbers with a grain of salt,” Kleynhans said.
Anecdotally, he said, Windows 11 is faring better in its early release days than Windows 10 did six years ago.
有趣的是,他说,Windows 11在发布初期的表现要好于六年前的 Windows 10。
The latest release of Windows 10 (21H2), which was rolled out on Nov. 16, has reached 3.7% adoption, according to AdDuplex. (There are two Windows versions named 21H2 on the market now. One is from the Windows 10 branch, the other is Windows 11.)
根据 AdDuplex 的数据,11月16日发布的最新版 Windows 10(21H2)已经达到了3.7% 的普及率。(目前市面上有两款名为21h2的 Windows 版本。一个来自 Windows 10分支,另一个来自 Windows 11。)
This is the first time in “modern history” when an "older" version of the OS (Windows 10 21H2) entered the market later than a newer one (Windows 11 21H2), AdDuplex noted on its website.
If Lansweeper’s data is accurate, more PCs are running Windows XP (3.62%) and Windows 8 (0.95%) than are running Windows 11.
如果 Lansweeper 的数据是准确的,那么运行 Windows XP (3.62%)和 Windows 8(0.95%)的电脑比运行 Windows 11的要多。
For its part, Microsoft said in a blog post that Windows 11 adoption has yielded mostly positive user feedback. As a result, the company is advancing the pace of the rollout faster than it had anticipated, “and [is] now making the Windows 11 upgrade more broadly available to eligible Windows 10 devices,” John Cable, vice president of program management for Windows Servicing and Delivery, wrote in his blog on Nov. 16.
微软在一篇博客文章中表示,Windows 11的应用已经产生了大部分积极的用户反馈。因此,微软正以比预期更快的速度推进 Windows 11升级,“现在,Windows 11升级对合格的 Windows 10设备更为普遍,”Windows service and Delivery 项目管理副总裁约翰 · 凯布尔(John Cable)11月16日在他的博客中写道。
Even so, Lansweeper’s data points to a drip, not a flood, of adoption, with several reasons cited for the less-than-robust uptake of Windows 11 in enterprises.
For one, Microsoft has said it will continue to support Windows 10 through 2025, offering a much longer runway for corporate upgrades to Windows 11. That allows organizations to take their time planning for, and testing, the new platform.
首先,微软表示将继续支持 Windows 10到2025,为企业升级 Windows 11提供更长的时间。这使得组织能够花时间规划和测试新的平台。
Windows 11 is also a less comprehensive update compared to Windows 10, according to Kleynhans. And, with little to currently gain from moving quickly, organizations don’t have a good reason to install the upgrade right away.
根据 Kleynhans 的说法,与 Windows 10相比,Windows 11的更新不够全面。而且,由于目前快速移动几乎没有什么好处,企业没有很好的理由马上安装升级。
It’s likely the only users deploying Windows 11 today are doing so outside the approval of their IT shops, Kleynhans added.
克林汉斯补充说,现在很可能只有那些部署 Windows 11的用户没有得到 IT 部门的批准。
“I don’t think you’re going to see enterprises doing anything substantial with Windows 11 until 2023,” Kleynhans said. “They’re thinking they’d like to let it simmer for a while, and let the quirks and issues work themselves out.”
“我认为,在2023年之前,企业在 Windows 11上不会有什么实质性的举动,”克莱恩汉斯说。“他们正在考虑让事情慢慢酝酿一段时间,让这些怪癖和问题自己解决。”
The primary change to Windows 11 is the user interface (UI). Gone in the new OS are Microsoft’s Start menu tiles; they’ve been replaced by icons that look more like the UI on a smartphone or tablet. Windows 11 also reduced the number of dialog boxes that are prevalent on Windows 10.
对 Windows 11的主要更改是用户界面(UI)。新操作系统中已经没有了微软的开始菜单贴图,取而代之的是看起来更像智能手机或平板电脑上的用户界面的图标。Windows 11还减少了 Windows 10上流行的对话框的数量。
“As much as I hate to admit it, because I kind of like tiles, ...they were a failed experiment,” Kleynhans said. “I think going back to something that’s more consistent with what people are used to on their (mobile devices) will play well.”
Over the next few years, Microsoft will continue to add more significant features to Windows 11 and be able to take advantage of the latest hardware, creating more differentiation from its predecessor.
在接下来的几年里,微软将继续为 Windows 11添加更多重要的功能,并且能够利用最新的硬件,创造出与前一代更多的不同。
Microsoft also likely felt pressure to launch Windows 11 because the PC marketplace was calling for an upgrade that would make better use of new hardware, and the release was well timed for the holiday season, Kleynhans noted.
克林汉斯指出,微软可能也感受到了发布 Windows 11的压力,因为个人电脑市场正在呼吁升级,以便更好地利用新硬件,而且发布的时机正好适合假日季。
For example, Windows 11 can tap into the new speeds and battery features of Intel's new Alder Lake processors. “I don’t think you can say there would have been a better or worse time to launch,” Kleynhans said.
例如,Windows 11可以利用英特尔新款 Alder Lake 处理器的新速度和电池特性。“我不认为你可以说有一个更好或更坏的时间来启动,”克莱恩汉斯说。
Lansweeper also noted in a blog that only 44.4% of current CPUs for workstations meet the system requirements for upgrading to Windows 11; 55.6% did not.
Lansweeper 还在一篇博客中指出,目前只有44.4% 的工作站 cpu 满足升级到 Windows 11的系统要求; 55.6% 的 cpu 不满足。
While the majority of systems Lansweeper measures passed the RAM test (91%), only about half of the workstation Trusted Platform Modules (TPM) tested met the requirements for Windows 11, while over 19% failed. And 28% were not TPM compatible or did not have it enabled, according to Lansweeper.
If enterprises want to start adopting Windows 11, they need to figure out which of their existing devices are capable of upgrading, Dochy advised. “We have a requirements audit that they can use to figure out how many of their devices are even capable of moving to Windows 11. From there on, they can start creating a migration plan for the coming year(s),” he added.
如果企业想要开始采用 Windows 11,他们需要弄清楚他们现有的设备中哪些能够升级,Dochy 建议。“我们有一个需求审计,他们可以用来计算出有多少设备甚至能够移动到 Windows 11。从那时起,他们可以开始为来年制定迁移计划。”。
The idea that Cisco's products are "hardware based" when compared to the two software-based routers reviewed here is a little misleading. Cisco's routers contain a power supply, internal bus, memory (main), storage (flash), a processor and an operating system -- just like any PC. They also have specialized network cards (contained in "modules") capable of handling just about every connection imaginable. In short, Cisco's hardware is nothing more than a specialized computer with modular plug-ins. The major difference is that Cisco's operating system (they call it an "IOS") includes the routing software, whereas the softrouter products we reviewed operate on the Windows family of operating systems. As a result, compatibility problems between the various subsystems of a Cisco router are all but nonexistent. Here are some other comparisons:
认为思科的产品是“基于硬件”的想法相比,这里审查的两个软件路由器是有点误导。思科的路由器包括电源、内部总线、内存(主)、存储器(闪存)、处理器和操作系统——就像任何 PC 一样。它们还有专门的网卡(包含在“模块”中) ,能够处理几乎所有可以想象的连接。简而言之,思科的硬件只不过是一台具有模块化插件的专用计算机。主要区别在于思科的操作系统(他们称之为“ IOS”)包括路由软件,而我们评论的软水槽产品运行在 Windows 系列的操作系统上。因此,Cisco 路由器的各个子系统之间的兼容性问题几乎不存在。下面是一些其他的比较:
COST: Cisco routers will run the small to midsize organization anywhere between $300 and $6,000, depending upon the number of and throughput support of subnets, the type and speed of the uplink, the security options and whether you need voice support. Let's take one of the more common routers in use today -- the Cisco 4500-M. Its throughput capabilities are similar to the systems we tested. The 4500-M supports one 155M bit/sec ATM OC-3 Module, two T-1 ports supporting up to 2.048M bit/sec and up to 16 128K bit/sec low-speed ports. An 800-MHz PC can handle this much bandwidth, which is hardly surprising. Although the 4500-M's components are optimized to do just one thing -- route -- its Reduced Instruction Set Computing processor is only 100 MHz, and its main memory tops out at 32M bytes. If you compare the cost difference for the memory alone, 256M bytes of PC-133 memory for high-end Pentium III's cost just $100, less than one-twentieth the cost per megabyte for that used in the Cisco router.
成本: 根据子网的数量和吞吐量支持、上行链路的类型和速度、安全选项以及是否需要语音支持,Cisco 路由器将在300美元到6000美元之间的任何地方运行中小型组织。让我们以目前使用较为普遍的路由器之一—— Cisco 4500-M 为例。它的吞吐量能力与我们测试的系统相似。4500-M 支持一个155m 位/秒的 ATM oc-3模块,两个 t-1端口支持高达2.048 m 位/秒和高达16个128k 位/秒的低速端口。一台800兆赫的 PC 能够处理这么大的带宽,这并不令人惊讶。尽管4500-m 的组件被优化为只能做一件事情---- 路由---- 它的精简指令集处理器只有100mhz,而且它的主存最高可达32m 字节。如果你比较一下内存的成本差异,2.56亿字节的 pc-133内存的高端奔腾 III 的成本只有100美元,不到思科路由器每兆字节成本的二十分之一。
However, cost isn't everything, and appearances can be deceiving. The 4500-M has a lot of advantages over a comparably equipped software/PC product, including more built-in LAN and WAN protocols, optimized WAN services, and the ability to centrally install and manage your internetworking infrastructure. Besides -- you'll gain a greater uptime rating with a Cisco or other mainstream router product than you will with one that runs as an application or a service on Windows. It still costs $2,000 more than either of the softrouters (including the server hardware) we reviewed, and that doesn't include hiring the services of a Cisco-certified installer. Before making a decision, first consider the target market.
然而,成本并不是一切,外表可能具有欺骗性。4500-M 比同等配备的软件/PC 产品有许多优点,包括更多内置的局域网和广域网协议、优化的广域网服务,以及集中安装和管理互联网基础设施的能力。除此之外---- 你使用思科或其他主流路由器产品的正常运行时间会比使用 Windows 应用程序或服务的正常运行时间更长。它仍然比我们评测的任何一款软件(包括服务器硬件)贵2000美元,这还不包括聘请思科认证的安装程序员。在作出决定之前,首先要考虑目标市场。
PRODUCT POSITION: Tiny Software's WinRoute Pro is more appropriate for a branch office, while Vicomsoft's Internet Gateway is lends itself toward the corporate office, particularly because it can handle multiplee connections from branch offices, or even dial-up users (via a pooled remote-access server). Some corporations are beginning to take their workgroups, with their specific security requirements, and throw them behind software-based network address translation (NAT) routers such as these.
产品定位: Tiny Software 的 WinRoute Pro 更适合分支机构,而 Vicomsoft 的 Internet Gateway 则适用于公司办公室,特别是因为它可以处理来自分支机构的多路连接,甚至可以处理拨号用户(通过汇集的远程访问服务器)。一些公司开始利用他们的工作组,以及他们特定的安全需求,把它们放在基于软件的网络地址转换(NAT)路由器之后。
Can either product handle the needs of a large corporation, say, with 5,000 users or more? Many such corporations often connect to the Internet with nothing more than one or two T-1 lines, for less than 5M bit/sec bandwidth. Both products can handle up to six times that throughput on a fast PC. Still, Internet Gateway limited itself to 1,024 users if DHCP was being used, and WinRoute Pro's e-mail services would add significant overhead if used by more than a few dozen people. Whether you would ever use either of these products in that large and diverse of an environment would depend entirely upon your current and future internetworking needs. Most such corporations would require the significantly more diverse capabilities delivered by Cisco's line of higher-end routers.
这两种产品都能满足大公司的需求吗? 比如说,拥有5000或更多用户的公司?许多这样的公司通常只用一条或两条 t-1线连接互联网,带宽不到5m 位/秒。这两种产品在一台快速个人电脑上的吞吐量都可以达到这个数字的六倍。尽管如此,如果使用 DHCP,Internet Gateway 将自身限制为1024个用户,而且如果超过几十人使用 WinRoute Pro 的电子邮件服务,将增加大量开销。您是否会在如此庞大和多样化的环境中使用这两种产品中的任何一种,将完全取决于您当前和未来的网络互联需求。大多数这样的公司将需要思科系列高端路由器提供的更多样化的功能。
RELIABILITY: If you installed these products on a clean system, with the latest service packs and security patches, and didn't load any other software, and enabled NAT, they'd be just as secure as any offering by Cisco. The "blue screen of death" is a phenomenon usually related to cutting-edge video cards (and their newly written drivers) or buggy network card drivers.
Although NAT was originally designed for IP consolidation and conservation, it doesn't operate from within the operating system, but installs itself between the hardware layer and the IP stack, and so has unfettered access to and control over all packets before they can be of any harm. The result is increased security. NAT is integral to Internet Gateway and WinRoute Pro, while Cisco uses NAT in its IOS with full NAT capability in IOS Versions 12.0 and beyond. Both implementations adhere to RFC 1631, which describes IP NAT in detail.
虽然 NAT 最初是为 IP 整合和保护而设计的,但它并不是在操作系统内部运行,而是在硬件层和 IP 栈之间安装自己,因此在所有数据包可能造成任何危害之前,它可以自由访问和控制所有数据包。其结果是安全性得到提高。NAT 是 Internet Gateway 和 WinRoute Pro 不可或缺的一部分,而 Cisco 在 IOS 版本12.0和更高版本中使用了全面的 NAT 能力。两个实现都遵循 RFC 1631,其中详细描述了 IP NAT。
Cisco's depth of experience in internetworking is clear in its implementation of NAT because it not only hides the IP address of internal users from the outside, but it can also hide the IP address of external source addresses from those on the inside, which is a good way to keep key internetworking resources hidden from potentially malicious employees.
思科在网络互联方面的丰富经验在 NAT 的实现上是显而易见的,因为它不仅可以对外隐藏内部用户的 IP 地址,而且还可以对内部用户隐藏外部源地址的 IP 地址,这是保护关键网络资源不被潜在的恶意雇员发现的好方法。
If you want to keep the bad guys out of your network, there's really no difference between the two in terms of their level of security. Even Cisco's use of NAT in PIX is fundamentally the same as its use in its IOS. Still, Cisco's routers are significantly better at resisting denial-of-service attacks, mainly because Cisco's IOS is both the operating system and the routing/security software in one package. Not only is this far more condensed and less complicated than Windows, but it also tends to be significantly faster, and can be quickly updated by Cisco whenever it learns of a new type of attack -- much like Symantec can update its virus definition files several times an month. The Cisco approach is far more condensed and less complicated than Windows, and tends to be significantly faster. It also can be quickly updated whenever Cisco learns of a new type of attack -- much like Symantec can update its virus definition files several times an month.
如果你想让坏人远离你的网络,这两者在安全级别上真的没有什么区别。甚至思科在 PIX 中使用的 NAT 和它在 IOS 中使用的 NAT 是完全一样的。不过,思科的路由器在抵御拒绝服务攻击方面明显优于其他路由器,这主要是因为思科的 IOS 既是操作系统,又是一个路由/安全软件包。它不仅比 Windows 更简洁、更简洁,而且速度更快,一旦思科发现新型攻击,它就可以迅速更新---- 就像赛门铁克一个月可以更新几次病毒定义文件一样。思科的方法远比 Windows 更简洁、更简单,而且往往要快得多。它还可以在思科发现新型攻击时迅速更新——就像赛门铁克每月可以更新病毒定义文件数次一样。
This story, "Soft vs. hard routers" was originally published by Network World.
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